As Fall Semester 2013 begins and I begin to see new fresh faces of students coming in to take Economics classes towards their degrees, an article I read this past summer about issues that have come up in Canada have given me pause and made me take a look at the American Labor Markets as well. In this uncredited CBC article "Is Canada becoming dependent on temporary foreign workers?" It talks about how filling more commonly skilled jobs has become a problem in some parts of Canada and how many businesses are relying on Temporary Foreign Workers to fill in those gaps.The article is very thorough and looks at what is happening from several angles, showing some of the complexities going on in our neighbour to the North:
- The Western provinces have experienced tremendous economic growth while the Eastern provinces have been suffering during the recent recession. There has been a tremendous need for tradespeople at many skill levels but not enough of them in those localities to fill the jobs.
- There were not enough people with the needed levels of skills available so a program was developed to attract mid-level skilled employees, agricultural workers and live-in caregivers in order to address temporary labor shortages. These are not common skills, but are ones that are acquired with some training and experience, but aren't top level skills requiring advanced degrees or certificates either.
- The program was expanded to include lower level skills in order to address labor shortage issues in those areas--retail, hospitality and service industries.
- Employers found hiring temporary foreign workers was a good deal easier than hiring domestic young workers, because domestic workers would push for higher wages if they remained in that position for a long time or only work for a season until they completed higher education and then left for a better job, leaving employers to have to hire and train new young employees and the process would repeat itself.
- Canada has one of the highest educated populations in the world. Many young Canadians earning college degrees feel that bussing tables, cleaning toilets, servicing customers in retail stores or other such industries are beneath their educational status and do not want to work these jobs, so employers want to look elsewhere to fill those jobs.
- The Economic Boom of the past few years has not been so great in Eastern Canada--the article cites that in St Catharine's, Ontario, there have been hundreds of people applying for single job positions in lower to mid-level skilled jobs. Some folks are arguing that employers should be going into the eastern provinces and hiring from workers who need jobs there, helping them move to the West rather than hiring temporary foreign workers. The counter argument is that people with established roots and families are less likely to move across the country, and if things don't work out shortly, the sunk cost is higher than with a temporary foreign worker who has the job skills to begin with and has their return ticket already established.
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| Troubled RBC Executive having to explain why he laid off Canadian Staff in Branches, Replacing them with TFWs |
- One example cited in a related article revealed that in January 2012, Albertan employers received positive confirmation for 1,261 TFW (Temporary Foreign Worker) positions for food counter attendants. At the same time, nearly 350 people made a claim for EI (Employment Insurance, what we call Unemployment Insurance in the US) who had cited significant experience in the same occupation and province. In other words, 350 locals in Alberta with experience in Food Service were drawing unemployment benefits when they could have been working instead. It's argued that the restaurants & hotels who hired that staff felt the foreign workers would not push for higher pay, would not complain as much about long hours or poor treatment as would Canadian workers, and they could be sent home if they got out of line.
- The program has been subject to abuse before with skilled workers. Royal Bank of Canada (aka RBC Bank) replaced a large number of their branch staff with Temporary Foreign Workers instead.
In the US we have similar programs--H2B Visas are Business Immigration Visas for Skilled workers who are working in places such as the Medical Center, Universities, Oil Companies and Engineering Firms. These programs have been expanded due to their being very high demand for Nursing and Medical Staff, Engineers, Academics and Researches, and Workers with strong STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) Skills/Degrees/Experience; combined with a very lower supply of Americans who have skills like that. Similar to Canada, employers have to justify this by showing they are having great difficulties filling those jobs with Permanent Residents/Citizens and at the same time have a pressing need for workers with those skills (i.e. causing economics losses to businesses, even business failure due to inability to hire enough workers).
These articles illustrates several economic concepts that we need to look at in more detail Consider the following questions and please RESPOND IN THE COMMENTS SECTION:
1. What are factors affecting the Supply and Demand for Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs)?
2. What are some potential effects on Domestic Wage Rates for industries that hire TFWs?
3. How does hiring TFWs affect a business's Total Revenue, Total Costs, and Economic Profits/Losses?
4. What is Economics problems are possibly created when businesses rely too much on TFWs?
As always, stick to economic analyses, stay away from partisan politics and use SOUND REASONING based on Economic Theory. I look forward to seeing replies!
Success to you all!!!
Prof. Hank Lewis
Prof. Hank Lewis
